Curaçao was home to the Arawaks until the Spanish arrived in 1499.
After the Dutch conquest in 1634, the Dutch dominated the international slave
trade where half of the African slaves destined for the Caribbean passed
through Curacao before being sold to wealthy plantation owners throughout the
Americas. Control of the island fluctuated between the British and Dutch
during the 1700s until 1807 when the British finally gained control for the last
time. Nine years later the Dutch regained control of Curaçao which they
have maintained since.
The end of slavery in the Virgin Islands in 1848 sent Curaçao into a
19th-century economic decline until oil refineries to process Venezuelan oil
were built in the early 20th century. It wasn't until the 1920's and
1930's that the largest influx of worldwide immigrants came and turned the
island into a multicultural melting pot. In 1954 the islands became
completely self-governing within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Relative affluence and Dutch political stability have made Curaçao a regional
center for commerce and banking.