Pompeii was an important port city on the West coast of Italy. It was
built at the base of Mt. Vesuvius on ancient lava flows along the Eastern
shore of the Bay of Naples.
After Rome took over the city in 80 b.c., they modernized it, introducing
aquaducts, bath houses and numerous gravity driven water fountains that were
used as signposts to facilitate navigation around the city.
Pompeii had an ampitheatre that seated 15,000, a large theatre with 5000 seats
and a small theatre with 1500 seats. The wealthy lived in large houses,
the middle-class stayed in rooms behind their shops or in a second story
above them.
On Aug 24, 79 a.d. the massive 9000 foot mountain exploded and blasted 700
degree pyroclastic winds outward at 1400 km/hr. Within 8 hours two
thirds of the mountain was gone and Pompeii was buried under 15 feet of
volcanic ash and pumice rock.
It happened so quickly and remained buried so long (1700 years) that the city
is remarkably preserved -- except for most of the roofs which colapsed under
the weight of the ash.
For centuries nobody knew that Pompeii was there until someone discovered the
top of a column from the Temple of Venus protruding from the highest point of
the site.
Excavation began in the 1800s and continues today. A third of the site
is still pending excavation. Only 4000 bodies have been found so far.
It's theorized that many of the other residents (estimated to be 10,000 -
15,000) tried to escape to the sea but were washed away by the giant tsunami
generated by the explosion.